US electricity demand was flat for two decades and is now growing close to 2% a year, caused by electrification, new manufacturing, population shifts, and large computing loads. Utilities are answering with the largest capital programs in their history, and the cost is reaching customers: average residential power bills were up more than 7% year over year by spring 2026. Who pays for the new infrastructure gets decided proceeding by proceeding. In Nevada, NV Energy's resource plan projects a 47% increase in demand while its Greenlink transmission project grew from USD 2.5 billion to USD 4.2 billion, with most of the line's capacity committed to a few large customers. In Virginia, Dominion's January 2026 base rate increase added USD 11.24 a month for the average residential customer, and the legislature answered with a law moving more grid costs onto the large loads driving them.

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For large energy users, developers, investors, and operators, we analyze what a tariff, a rate case, an interconnection position, or a resource plan means for project economics and what positions are available. For utilities, consumer advocates, institutions, and public bodies, we provide an independent account of cost allocation, load forecasts, program design, and merger review. Energy market shocks belong to the same picture: natural gas fuels about 40% of US electricity, so commodity price moves reach power bills through fuel cost adjustment clauses, sometimes within a billing cycle.